Neorealism and Neoliberalism is open for . The scholarship allows level program(s) in the field of taught at . The deadline of the scholarship is .
In the early 1980s the world of international relation studies entering new debates on world politics. It is the work of Kenneth Waltz, Theory of International Politics (1979) ,which aims to develop a scientific international theory, that provoke the debates and breeds the so called Neo-realism and Neo-liberalism school of thought. Neo-realist dominates the world of security studies and Neo-liberals focus on political economy and more recently on issues like human rights and environment.Positivism. By embracing positivist approach neo-realism disregards the value laden social action such as social consensus that may perhaps coordinate practices as well as distribution of resources.
Atomist conception. Neo-realist defines international structure not as an independent internal relation prior to and constitutive of social actors, but as a joining of states. Therefore the international structure is not established independent of the parts taken together, since it is emerged as a result of joining the parts together.
Furher, John G. Ruggie criticizes that Waltz has not only ignored changes in the density of interactions in systems, but has been too quick in assuming that the differentiation in units can be dropped as a characteristic of the structure of the international system. In the short term, states may be the dominant units and play a similar functional role, but over long periods other units may grow in importance, and roles may alter. Ruggie points to the evolution of the concept of territoriality at the end of the feudal era to illustrate such generative changes, and argues that Waltz’s theory is too static to explain such changes.
Another critics comes from Robert Keohane, a liberal institutionalism theorist. Keohane accepts basic tenets of the neo-realist argument such as, the assumption that states act rationally, and the assumption that states seek power to affect other states. However, Keohane argues that the concepts of states “maximizing power” and states creating a “balance of power” are in fact contradictory. He points out that “states concerned with self preservation do not seek to maximize their power when they are not in danger”. Keohane argues that “realism is particularly weak in accounting for change, especially where the sources of that change lie in the world political economy or in the domestic structure of states”.
Further in their book of Power and Interdependence, Keohane & Nye highlights the current interdependence feature of world politics. Interdependence refers to situations where states or actors are determined by external events in a reciprocal relationship with other states or actors, jointly limiting their autonomy. It is created through the expansion of international transactions, insofar as the costs associated with them constrain political activity. While these relationships impose costs, the benefits may exceed them. Complex Interdependence characterized at least by three features:
Neorealism and Neoliberalism is available to undertake level programs at .
Following subject are available to study under this scholarship program.
Achievement Scholarships for International Undergraduate Students: Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney