This course builds on the concepts from Introduction to Statistical Concepts and Describing Data and Correlation and t-tests and focuses on methodology used when analyzing data collected from the same subjects over time or under multiple conditions. Topics include paired sample t-tests, repeated measures ANOVA, the logic of within-subjects designs, and when to use non-parametric alternatives like the Wilcoxon signed-rank test or the Kruskal-Wallis test. Emphasis is placed on understanding when and why to apply these techniques, particularly in longitudinal studies and small-sample clinical research. By the end of the course, you’ll be equipped to analyze complex data structures and make informed decisions based on statistical output.