University of Liverpool

What you'll study

The programme provides a broad foundation in classical and modern physics, progressing from core concepts to specialised topics. Early years focus on mathematical methods, classical mechanics, electromagnetism, laboratory techniques and introductory quantum theory. As you advance you study thermal and statistical physics, condensed matter, atomic and nuclear physics, and further quantum mechanics.

Throughout the degree you will develop practical skills in experimental design, data analysis and computational physics, including programming for data handling and simulation. Optional modules in later years typically cover subjects such as photonics and optics, nanoscience, astrophysics and cosmology, particle physics, medical physics, and advanced materials. The programme culminates in an independent final-year project or dissertation, where you carry out original research or an extended experimental investigation under academic supervision.

Students can often choose between different pathway options and take advantage of opportunities for a year in industry or study abroad, subject to availability and departmental approval. Assessment usually combines written examinations, laboratory reports, coursework, practical assessments and the final project.

Entry requirements

Applicants are expected to demonstrate strong ability in mathematics and physics. Typical academic preparation includes advanced-level study in mathematics and physics (or equivalent qualifications such as the International Baccalaureate with higher-level mathematics and physics). The department also accepts other recognised qualifications and considers applicants with relevant vocational or mature-entry backgrounds on an individual basis.

Most offers require evidence of solid mathematical competence; applicants without formal physics qualifications may be asked to show ability through prior study or experience. Universities usually ask for a minimum level in English and mathematics at GCSE (or equivalent). Applicants whose first language is not English will need to meet the university's language requirements.

Career prospects

Graduates in physics are sought after across many sectors because of their strong analytical, numerical and problem-solving skills. Common career paths include:

• Research and development in academia, national laboratories and industry (e.g. materials science, photonics, applied physics)
• Engineering roles in aerospace, electronics, energy and manufacturing
• Data science, quantitative analysis and software development in finance, technology and consulting
• Medical physics and roles supporting healthcare technology (with further training or accreditation where required)
• Teaching and science communication, including routes into secondary education
• Technical and policy roles in government, civil service and regulatory bodies

Many graduates also progress to postgraduate study (MSc, MRes, PhD) or professional training schemes that build on the quantitative and research skills developed during the degree.

Why study at University of Liverpool

The University of Liverpool's School of Physics and Astronomy has an established research profile and offers access to modern teaching laboratories, computing facilities and experimental equipment. Students benefit from staff who are active in areas such as condensed matter, photonics, particle and nuclear physics, and astrophysics, as well as from links with national and international research collaborations.

The department supports practical learning through well-equipped experimental classes, computing resources for numerical work and opportunities to undertake a substantial final-year research project. The university's careers and employability services, industry connections and options for placements or exchanges help students prepare for a wide range of professional routes after graduation.