University of Florence

What you'll study

The programme builds a solid foundation in classical and modern physics while introducing focused topics in astrophysics and observational methods. In the first years you study mathematics for physicists (calculus, linear algebra, differential equations), classical mechanics, electromagnetism, thermodynamics and an introduction to quantum physics, together with compulsory laboratory courses that develop experimental technique and data analysis skills.

Progressing into more specialised modules, typical subjects include statistical physics, advanced quantum mechanics, computational physics and instrumentation. Astrophysical content covers stellar structure and evolution, galactic and extragalactic astronomy, radiative processes and spectroscopy, and introductory cosmology. Observational and practical training is provided through courses on optical and radio techniques, detector technology and time-domain astronomy.

The degree normally includes a substantial practical component: weekly laboratory sessions, computer labs and small research projects. Final-year students complete a supervised undergraduate thesis (project work) that may be experimental, observational, computational or literature-based, often carried out in collaboration with local research groups or observatories.

Entry requirements

Applicants should hold a recognised secondary school diploma with a strong background in mathematics and physics. Typical evidence includes higher-level mathematics and physics marks or courses from secondary education. International applicants must present records of prior study that are equivalent to the Italian secondary qualification.

Language requirements depend on the language of instruction. Many undergraduate lectures are delivered in Italian; applicants whose prior education was not in Italian should demonstrate adequate Italian language ability. Some modules and materials may be offered in English, and international students are often asked to show English proficiency if they will follow English-taught components.

Additional admissions steps can include submission of academic transcripts, a statement of purpose, and identification documents. Non-EU applicants may also need to obtain recognition of qualifications for access to Italian higher education and comply with visa and residence requirements.

Career prospects

Graduates leave with strong analytical, quantitative and experimental skills applicable across research and industry. Common next steps are:

• Progression to a master’s degree and doctoral research in physics, astrophysics or related fields.
• Careers in observational and instrumental astronomy at observatories and research institutes, including roles in data reduction, telescope operations and instrumentation development.
• Technical and engineering roles in aerospace, satellite technology and instrumentation firms.
• Data science, software development, modelling and quantitative analyst positions in industry and finance.
• Science communication, education and outreach roles in museums, planetariums and public institutions.

The programme’s practical training and links with research groups also suit students aiming for technical laboratory work, metrology and applied physics roles in private and public sectors.

Why study at University of Florence

The University of Florence combines long academic traditions with active contemporary research in physics and astronomy. Students benefit from teaching staff who participate in national and international research collaborations and from proximity to local research centres and observatories, providing opportunities for internships and joint projects.

The department’s laboratories and computing facilities support experimental training and numerical work, while the university’s international agreements and Erasmus exchanges offer study-abroad options. Florence’s scientific and cultural environment, together with accessible industry and research partners, makes the programme well suited to students seeking a blend of solid fundamental training and practical research experience.