University of San Francisco

What you'll study

This PhD focuses on the genetics, biochemistry and cell biology of mitochondria and their roles in human health and disease. Early stages combine advanced coursework and laboratory rotations to build a broad foundation in genetic mechanisms and experimental methods, while later stages centre on a sustained, original research project leading to a dissertation.

• Core topics: mitochondrial genome biology, mitochondrial-nuclear interactions, bioenergetics, mitochondrial dynamics (fission/fusion/mitophagy), and mechanisms of mitochondrial inheritance.
• Methodological training: molecular cloning, CRISPR and gene editing approaches, high-throughput sequencing and genomics, single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, proteomics, high-resolution fluorescence and electron microscopy, respirometry and metabolic flux analysis.
• Complementary subjects: advanced genetics, population and evolutionary genetics of mitochondria, mitochondrial involvement in neurodegeneration and metabolic disease, model organisms for mitochondrial research, and translational approaches including biomarker discovery and therapeutic development.
• Programme structure: students typically complete coursework and laboratory rotations in the first year, pass a qualifying/competency examination, form a dissertation committee, and then move into full-time thesis research. Regular seminars, journal clubs and teaching or mentoring responsibilities are integral components.
• Research environment: emphasis on multidisciplinary projects that integrate molecular genetics, cell biology, bioinformatics and clinical perspectives. Opportunities exist to collaborate with nearby hospitals, research institutes and Bay Area biotechnology companies.

Entry requirements

Applicants should hold a relevant bachelor’s or master’s degree in genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, cell biology or a closely related discipline. Strong laboratory research experience is essential; successful applicants normally demonstrate this through research project descriptions, publications or letters of recommendation.

• Academic preparation: undergraduate coursework in genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry and statistics or bioinformatics is expected. A master’s degree with research experience is advantageous but not always required if undergraduate research is substantial.
• Application materials: academic transcripts, a CV, a statement of research interests describing proposed work in mitochondrial genetics, and multiple letters of recommendation from research supervisors or academic referees.
• Other considerations: evidence of quantitative skills and computational competence (or willingness to undertake training) is highly valued given the genomics and bioinformatics components of the programme. International applicants must meet English language proficiency requirements.

Career prospects

Graduates with a PhD in Mitochondrial Genetics are prepared for a range of research and applied science careers. Many go on to academic postdoctoral positions and faculty roles, pursuing independent research into mitochondrial biology and disease mechanisms.

• Industry: roles in biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies focused on genetic diagnostics, mitochondrial therapeutics, metabolic disease and neurodegeneration.
• Clinical and diagnostic labs: positions developing or implementing genetic tests for mitochondrial disorders and contributing to translational research programmes.
• Government and policy: research scientist roles in public research institutes, regulatory agencies or science policy organisations where expertise in genetics and genomics is needed.
• Other pathways: careers in bioinformatics, scientific consulting, patent science and science communication or education are also common for graduates who combine technical and communication skills.

Why study at University of San Francisco

The University of San Francisco places students in a research-rich urban setting with access to the broader Bay Area life-science ecosystem. The institution emphasises close faculty mentorship, interdisciplinary collaboration and translational approaches that connect basic mitochondrial research to clinical and commercial applications.

• Proximity to research and industry: collaboration opportunities with nearby medical centres, research institutes and biotechnology companies provide pathways for translational projects and internships.
• Facilities and training: students benefit from core facilities such as genomics and sequencing platforms, advanced microscopy, metabolomics and computational resources for genomic data analysis.
• Supportive cohort and mentorship: the programme typically offers small cohorts and regular faculty guidance, enabling tailored training plans and strong supervisory relationships.
• Mission-driven research: the university’s focus on social responsibility and community engagement encourages projects that consider patient impact, equity in genomic medicine and ethical implications of genetic research.